In vitro antibacterial capacity and cytocompatibility of SiO 2–CaO–P 2O 5 meso-macroporous glass scaffolds enriched with ZnO. Tailoring the biological response of mesoporous bioactive materials. Multifunctional mesoporous bioactive glasses for effective delivery of therapeutic ions and drug/ growth factors. Functional mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres: Synthesis, high loading efficiency, controllable delivery of doxorubicin and inhibitory effect on bone cancer cells. Hypoxia-mimicking mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds with controllable cobalt ion release for bone tissue engineering. Graphene for controlled and accelerated osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Our results suggest that the prepared MBG/UCNP nanocomposites are useful for the therapy and regeneration of bone defects resulting from malignant bone tumors owing to their distinct multifunctionality, including strong red emission and functions in drug-delivery monitoring and osteostimulation. Furthermore, the incorporation of Ca into MBG/UCNP nanocomposites remarkably improved bioactivity, i.e., it stimulated apatite mineralization in simulated body fluids and enhanced cell proliferation and bone-related gene expression in BMSCs for the concentration range of 200–500 μg/mL. Consequently, drug release could be quantified by monitoring changes in fluorescence intensity. In addition, since the red emission strongly overlaps with the maximum absorbance of the anti-cancer drug zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), red luminescence could be strongly quenched by ZnPc. The incorporation of Ca into the nanocomposites induced phase transformation from a pure hexagonal phase to a cubic phase, and facilitated the occurrence of red emission, which significantly improved fluorescence penetration for deep tissue imaging. The nanocomposite spheres possess a core–shell structure composed of UCNPs and a mesoporous SiO 2/Ca layer with a uniform size distribution of 100 nm. Herein, a multifunctional mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG)/upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) nanocomposite 2-XCa (X = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20)] with the ability to deliver anti-cancer drugs, monitor drug release, and stimulate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) was successfully prepared using a layer-by-layer strategy. For the therapy and regeneration of bone defects resulting from malignant bone tumors, it is necessary to develop multifunctional biomaterials that are able to deliver therapeutic drugs, monitor drug release, and stimulate bone formation.
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